New york city jazz clubs 1920s11/6/2023 ![]() Soon after, Johnson and Madden entered into a partnership together in which Johnson remained the club’s manager while Madden was free to use the space as a venue for selling alcohol illegally during the Prohibition Era. Though the Cotton Club only operated for two decades, it came to serve as a cultural hotbed, grooming some of the era’s greatest jazz musicians including Duke Ellington, Dorothy Dandridge, Cab Calloway, and Louis Armstrong. Bootlegger and gangster Owney Madden took over in 1923, changing its name to the Cotton Club. The Cotton Club first opened its doors in 1920, known then as the Club Deluxe, under the leadership of heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson, who rented the upper floor of a building on the corner of 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue in the heart of Harlem. ![]() Learn more about the overlap of jazz culture and speakeasies across New York City, and listen to original recordings from iconic jazz clubs of NYC, on our “Legendary Jazz Clubs of New York City” virtual tour which can be viewed in the Untapped New York Insiders on-demand video archive. After the election of Jimmy Walker as mayor in 1926, speakeasies-establishments known for encouraging free discussions and the sale of bootleg alcohol-were made legal, coming to serve as the perfect breeding ground for the rise of jazz. However, jazz music’s popularity in Chicago declined during the 1920s, and musicians migrated again, this time to New York City. By 1917, due to a variety of factors including the Spanish flu pandemic, New Orleans jazz musicians began to leave for Chicago. As the 20th century progressed, the country’s youth began to crave more exciting music and jazz rose to fill in this desire. ![]() Jazz music originated in New Orleans during the early 1900s, with African-American musicians creating the music style to celebrate their heritage while still striving to fit into the wider American music scene.
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